以字带路
When Chinese character
meets the Silk Road
致力于汉字文化的海外推广
以字带路：
我们希望能通过讲解一个词,一个汉字的方式,展现汉语的魅力。
We hope to show the charm of Chinese by explaining one word or one character.
第五讲
和[hé]
01
“和”的字形
解读“和”字
金文
小篆
楷书
和的笔画
“和”字是一个形声字，从口禾声，本义与口有关，指声音相应和，和谐地跟着唱或伴奏。
“和” is a pictophonetic character. Its pronunciation is the pronunciation of “禾”，and its original meaning is related to “口”, representing “the harmony of voice”.
在今天，“和”是一个多音字，在本文中所讨论的“和”为hé声的“和”。读hé的“和”由和谐，引申到平和、温和、柔和这层意思。又因为有共同一起的意思，所以“和”虚化作连词，意思同“与”“跟”。比如“我和你”，就同“我与你”是一个意思。
Today，“和”is a polyphonic word and the “和”discussed in this article is read as hé. The word “和”hé extends from harmony to peace, tenderness and softenness. Also，there is a common meaning of “和” is together, so there is a joint meaning——“association”. And it was evolved into conjunctions, means “AND” . For example, “you and I”are the same as “you and I”.
常用词：【和谐】（hé xié）
Harmony
释义:
相互协调，彼此融洽得当。“和”即协调和睦；“谐”即融洽，适宜得当。“和谐”首先指不同声音之间的配合得当，构成音乐的整体协调；后指良好的社会关系和治理状态，在尊重差异性、多样性的基础上，达成结合共生的关系，从而形成社会的有机整体。
This term implies mutual coordination and friendship. The Chinese term hexie (和谐) originally referred to the simultaneous combination of different tones that gave rise to a musical work. Later it came to mean a state of governance in which there are good social relations of coexistence based on respect for differences and diversity.
使用示例:
“中国梦”是增进人民福祉的梦，是和谐、和平、发展的梦。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.
02
和而不同，美美与共
和而不同
Harmony in diversity
(1)释义
在尊重事物差异性和多样性的基础上实现整体的和谐共存。“同”与“和”是对待、安顿社会群体的两种态度。“同”指对事物差异性的抹杀，“和”则意味着对事物差异性的保存与尊重。不同的事物彼此间相互辅助、补充，才能组成一个充满生机、富于创造性的和谐整体。
The term means achieving overall harmonious co-existence on the basis of respecting differences and diversity. Uniformity and harmony are two different attitudes to treating and accommodating social groups. Uniformity means obliterating differences in everything while harmony is to keep and respect the differences. Allowing different things to complement and supplement each other will create a harmonious whole full of vitality and creativity.
(2)使用示例
文明相处需要和而不同的精神。
In their interactions, civilizations must accept their differences.
03
中西之”和”的比较
无论是在东方还是西方，都曾有“以和为美”的审美倾向，中国的中和，西方的古典，都强调对立中的联系、平衡、和谐，强调矛盾双方的相辅相成，相互补充。但如果我们不停留在表面的相似之处，我们就会发现中西之“和”实际上是两种不同的民族精神的体现。
Both the East and the West once had an aesthetic tendency to regard harmony as beauty . The neutralization of China, the classical of western, all emphasize contact balance of opposites and the complementarity of both sides in contradiction .If we don’t stay on the surface of the similarity, we’ll find that the “harmony” shows two different embodiment of national spirit in Chinese and western countries.
中国的“和”是温情脉脉的亲族关系，是在农业自然经济形态上发展起来的天人合一、人人相合；而西方的文明源头古希腊，是在一系列政治改革后，逐渐确立起了“公民”、“权利”“义务”等等概念的文明古国，这使个体自由发展占据更主要的地位，人与人之间的关系变为法律的契约关系。
Chinese Harmony is the tender kinship relationship and the harmony between man and nature developed in the agricultural natural economic form. However, ancient Greece, the source of western civilization, gradually established the concepts of civil rights and obligations after a series of political reforms, which enabled the free development of individuals to occupy a more important position, and the relationship between people became a legal contract relationship.
阅读《荷马史诗》、《被缚的普罗米修斯》等文学经典我们会发现，古希腊的悲剧精神，是在个体自由发展，同时人与社会、人与自然尖锐对立中展开的。这与中国始终保持和谐的期许形成鲜明对比。至于中世纪时西方强调的古典美，追求和谐与完善的审美风气，实际上也是具有较强的宗教意味，与人与人之间的温情脉脉并无关系。
Reading Homer’s epic，Prometheus and other literary classics, we will find that the spirit of tragedy in ancient Greece was developed in the free development of individuals and the sharp opposition between man and society and man and nature, which is in sharp contrast to China’s expectation of always maintaining harmony.As for the medieval western emphasis on classical beauty, the pursuit of harmony and perfection of the aesthetic atmosphere, actually has a strong religious meaning, and has nothing to do with the warmth between people.
和”的意义与“口”有关系，这体现了中国古代先民造字、构字的智慧。你能根据汉字所记录的词义及其形旁“口”，分析出中国古代人的造字意图吗？
The meaning of “和”is related to“口”, which reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese people in making characters. Can you analyze the intention of ancient Chinese people in making words according to the recorded meanings of Chinese characters based on “口”？
图文编辑 | 李烨-Elivia、关聿彤-Clement
赵英同-Yingtong Zhao
指导教师 | 高亚楠-Gloria、刘宏飞-Victor